HARNESS ATLASAn Astra × QZ project ↗

THE CORPUS / SIX LENSES

The evidence.
And the arguments.

Sixteen papers, read together. Follow the connections, compare the machinery, and keep the interpretation open to question.

16 OF 16 PAPERS2020—2026 / CURATED SELECTION
2020#01

GPT-3 / Few-Shot Learners ↗

Scaling an autoregressive LM to 175B parameters makes task adaptation possible purely by placing examples in the context, with no gradient updates at inference.

noneIn-context learning
R01corpus rung
2021#02

WebGPT ↗

Put a language model behind a real text browser, let it search and quote, and train it with human feedback so its answers carry verifiable references.

within episodeText-based browsing action space
R02corpus rung
2022#03

Chain-of-Thought ↗

Prompting a large model with a few worked examples that show intermediate steps elicits step-by-step reasoning and sharply improves multi-step tasks.

noneChain-of-thought exemplars
R01corpus rung
2022#04

ReAct ↗

Interleaving reasoning traces with environment actions lets each correct the other - thinking plans the next action, and observations correct the thinking.

noneThought-Action-Observation loop
R06corpus rung
2023#05

Toolformer ↗

A model can teach itself when and how to call APIs by self-annotating a corpus with candidate calls and keeping only those that reduce its own loss.

noneSelf-supervised API annotation
R02corpus rung
2023#06

Reflexion ↗

Convert a failed trial into a verbal lesson, store it in episodic memory, and let the next attempt condition on it - reinforcement learning through language instead of gradients.

between episodesVerbal reinforcement
R06corpus rung
2023#07

Self-Refine ↗

One model, no training, three roles: generate a draft, critique it, and revise using the critique - iterated until it stops improving.

noneGenerate-Feedback-Refine loop
R06corpus rung
2023#08

Voyager ↗

An agent that writes successful behaviours back into an executable skill library, under an automatic curriculum, keeps getting more capable without any weight update.

reset freeExecutable skill library
R04corpus rung
2023#09

InterCode ↗

Treat code as the action space and execution as the observation: a standardised, sandboxed environment where interactive coding agents can be benchmarked with real execution feedback.

noneCode as action space
R05corpus rung
2023#10

DSPy ↗

Stop hand-writing prompts. Express an LM pipeline as declarative modules with typed signatures, then compile it against a metric, letting an optimiser choose the prompts.

between episodesSignatures
R08corpus rung
2023#11

MemGPT ↗

Borrow virtual memory from operating systems: give the model a small in-context working set plus a large external store, and let it page between them with its own function calls.

reset freeVirtual context management
R03corpus rung
2025#12

Darwin Godel Machine ↗

Drop the Godel machine's demand for proof. Let agents rewrite their own code, validate each change empirically on benchmarks, and keep an archive of all variants as stepping stones.

between episodesSelf-modification
R09corpus rung
2025#13

Recursive Language Models ↗

Treat a long input as external data: inspect and split it with code, and make recursive model calls over selected parts.

within episodePrompt as a REPL variable
R07corpus rung
2026#14

Continual Harness ↗

Formalise the harness as state H = (prompt, sub-agents, skills, memory), then remove the human: a Refiner reads the trajectory mid-episode and applies CRUD edits to all four, without ever resetting.

reset freeCRUD over harness state
R10corpus rung
2026#15

OpenJarvis ↗

Personal AI stacks fuse prompts, tools, memory, and runtime around one cloud model, so swapping in a local model breaks everything at once. Decompose the stack into five typed primitives and optimise them jointly.

between episodesTyped spec
R08corpus rung
2026#16

Prime Agent ↗

A harness is a membrane. Make it expressive enough that the model builds its own strategy, and reliable enough that a failure is the model's fault rather than the harness's.

reset freeL0-L3 state hierarchy
R10corpus rung
Atlas interpretation

The rung is a teaching index inherited from the corpus. Higher does not mean better. The ordering is neither cumulative nor chronological; Prime Agent’s top-rung assignment is explicitly qualified on its page.